Category International development

Based on wide-ranging interviews with former employees, board members, and others who have intimate knowledge of Mortenson and his charity, the Central Asia Institute, Three Cups of Deceit uncovers multiple layers of deception behind Mortenson’s public image. Was his crusade really inspired by a desire to repay the kindness of villagers who nursed him back to health when he became lost on his descent down K2? Was he abducted and held for eight days by the Taliban? Has his charity built all of the schools that he has claimed? This book is a passionately argued plea for the truth, and a tragic tale of good intentions gone very wrong.

100% of Jon Krakauer’s proceeds from the sale of Three Cups of Deceit will be donated to the “Stop Girl Trafficking” project at the American Himalayan Foundation (www.himalayan-foundation.org/live/project/stopgirltrafficking).

Jon Krakauer

When Three Cups of Tea was first released, the book suddenly became frequently talked about – at least in some development circles. In my circles, responses seemed to fall (very roughly and unscientifically) down two lines – those who thought it was an inspiring and fact-filled story, proving that all you need to be an excellent NGO worker is to be a nice person with a nice story and, on the other hand, those of us (mainly people in the NGO world in some way), who saw countless red flags, both in his story and in the development model he was advocating for. Full disclosure: From the beginning, I have been firmly in the second camp.

Having heard bits and pieces over the years about the follow up from the original book, and then his second book, I hadn’t thought about it for a long time, until an unrelated discussion happened to bring it to my attention. A quick search, and some reading, got me at least partly caught up on what has happened in recent years.

Many of my concerns with the original book, and the work that followed, are covered in detail in Three Cups of Deceit. Without writing a full dissertation on everything that is wrong with Three Cups of Tea, I will summarize a few primary concerns here. These are my points (ie not quoted directly from Three Cups of Deceit), but they are generally shared among various critiques that have been written of Three Cups of Tea:

1) It promotes the idea (long ago disproven) that work in development requires only that someone “be a nice person who wants to help”. As with countless other jobs, being a nice person is obviously required, but is in no way a substitute for professional expertise or knowing what you are doing/how to do it well. And, ultimately, the damage done by poorly managed development projects is so destructive (to communities and to other organizations), that being “naive but well-intentioned and nice” results in impacts that are actually not a very nice for others at all.

2) It is overwhelmingly, factually inaccurate. It is fiction posing as non-fiction.

3) It is extremely disrespectful of communities that he claims to want to serve and help. The focus is on him and his imaginary hero-story – where he is the knight in shining armour saving helpless communities from themselves. He sees himself as Santa Claus, dropping in from the outside to deliver gifts, then leaving again. That is not development – it is the epitomy of White Saviour Complex.

4) It promotes a model of development that is not grounded at all in modern best practices, and is actively harmful in many ways – far more than can all be identified in one post. His model promotes a world-view that is highly colonialist, disrespectful of others, and not effective at achieving his stated goals. For example, putting funds towards teacher training or other things would have had a greater positive impact on education than putting it towards construction. That said, given that he seems to have kept most of the funds for himself, it can’t even be said that he put the money towards construction – but that was the theoretical aim, it seems.

5) The active mismanagement of funds and other problems risks decreased trust, by the general public, of the work that really good NGOs are doing. Hopefully, the reverse is true, and people will learn from this, and really appreciate the excellent, transparent and accountable work that countless good NGOs are doing. 🙂

I am grateful to the author of Three Cups of Deceit (and others), for doing the hard work to fact check an organization that has been unaccountable for far too long. Based on what I was able to find currently, I was not able to (in a fairly brief search), definitively determine the current status of the organization. That said, I can say definitively that it is not an organization I would donate to, or recommend that others donate to. If you have a copy of Three Cups of Tea on your shelf, consider replacing it with Krakauer’s well-written critique, instead.

Want to read more about this? Here are a few more resources, with a few key quotes. All are well worth reading.

(Note that some of the resources on this topic are a number of years old, from when some of the more significant allegations of corruption and misuse of funds came to light publicly).

How the U.S. military fell in love with ‘Three Cups of Tea’ – Washington Post

“No amount of tea with Afghans will persuade them that we are like them, that our war is their war or that our interests are their interests,” said Michael Miklaucic, a longtime official with the U.S. Agency for International Development who is currently serving at the Pentagon’s National Defense University. “The war in Afghanistan isn’t about persuasion or tea. It is about power.” (Italics mine).

WP

What Mortenson Got Wrong – The New Yorker

Another reason I’ve always had trouble talking about Mortenson’s books is that it’s hard to give an alternative for people who feel the need to act. Even before the reports of C.A.I.’s mismanagement, I saw little value in this model of development. It’s centered around a foreigner, and the foreigner has no special expertise in either education or Central Asia. Even a balanced and reasonable individual is likely to fail in this situation. 

The New Yorker

Three Cups of BS – Foreign Policy

Over the last 50 years of studying international development, scholars have built a large body of research and theory on how to improve education in the developing world. None of it has recommended providing more school buildings, because according to decades of research, buildings aren’t what matter. Teachers matter. Curriculum matters. Funding for education matters. Where classes actually take place? Not really. (Italics mine).

Foreign Policy

Here are a few more:

CharityWatch Hall of Shame: The Personalities Behind Charity Scandals and

3000 Cups of Deceit by Jon Krakauer.

A New Mission for Nonprofits During the Outbreak: Survival NYT

NGOs, among others, are in a particularly difficult spot during this shutdown. Fundraising is frequently a challenging part of NGO work, particularly when applying for grants etc. When there is a downturn or crisis, everything becomes much more difficult. When an org is living at the very edge of financial viability at the best of times, there is little capacity left to cover gaps or challenging times.

In a 2018 survey by the Nonprofit Finance Fund, a consultant, three-quarters of nonprofits said they would run out of cash in less than six months. Nineteen percent said they had only enough funds to last, at the most, for a month.

(Bold mine, and I believe that this is a US stat, but not confirmed. I assume stats would be similar for Canada).

NYT

I had not seen specific stats on this piece, and, while I am not entirely surprised, it is still shocking, assuming these stats are accurate, to see how close to the financial viability edge many NGOS are operating.

In the immediate term, I hope NGOs and small businesses etc are able to get through this crisis intact. There will be very tough decisions to make, and things will likely get worse before they get better.

In the longer term, my hope is that NGOs, especially the smaller ones, learn from this and come back with stronger admin structures where needed, a more extensive donor relations base that can weather storms more easily, professional support and expertise where they need it, and a savings account that can help buy them time through the next crisis. In some cases, perhaps that will mean coming back to full functioning via a merger with a similar small NGO or any of a variety of creative solutions. Through this difficult time, stronger organizations with better program design, admin structures and donor relations may be the silver lining that we can look forward to. 🙂

Hi all,

I’ve been away for a bit, as other plans have been continually adjusting over the last week or two. I have also debated whether to write about the pandemic, or avoid it/take a break, and focus on something else. So, as a compromise, I’m going to do a bit of both. I’m going to focus on how we can use this pandemic to reset parts of how we operate, to ensure that we come out of this into a local and global community that is better than it was before.

NOTE: We have been at home, as a family, for almost 2 weeks, since school was shut down here. No known exposure to anything at this point, and we are all healthy so far. We are going for walks around the block etc, but not much more than that. We are grateful for our cold room (well stocked with flour, oats and lots of other good things), our bread machine, dehydrator and instant pot, and the fact that we have been able to order things online for delivery.

Pandemic and Climate Crisis:

Without wanting to minimize the very significant impacts of the virus in any way, I think that there is a lot that we can learn from this crisis, in order to avert further climate damage before it’s too late. If there is any silver lining, a massive global Green New Deal, with massive action to avert the worst of the climate crisis, is it.

The Covid-19 crisis is a chance to do capitalism differently: Guardian

Why don’t we treat the climate crisis with the same urgency as coronavirus?: Guardian

What could change look like?

To be clear, I am not proposing that nobody ever leave their house again. However, there is a lot that we can keep from this shutdown that could help deal with the climate crisis.

SUVs second biggest cause of emissions rise, figures reveal: Guardian – If we can leave our big vehicles at home more in the future, and use public transit/drive a smaller EV etc, the impact would be significant. Likewise, if companies have adjusted and found ways to get work done with less driving/flying to meetings, there is to reason to go back to status quo when this is over.

‘Individual actions do add up’: Christiana Figueres on the climate crisis: Guardian

Toronto Star: Did free cash drive people to quit work? Not according to a new study of Ontario’s basic income experiment. (Star) – This pandemic is yet another reason for countries to implement a universal basic income, starting ASAP. 🙂

No putting meat on expenses, says property firm: BBC News – I actually saw this one before the pandemic, and it is an interesting, if somewhat complicated response to impacts of food choices on climate and business. 🙂

And, naturally, it goes without saying that I am not supportive of fossil fuel subsidies, or bailouts of large companies that are making massive profits at the expense of people or creation. I support workers, and retraining for anybody who wants, and a universal basic income. 🙂

Doing nothing will lead to more crises in the future. Let’s use this crisis as an opportunity to build the better world that so many people have been seeking for so long. 🙂

For International Women’s Day (just past), here are a few links that I have been collecting over the last little while. Despite progress, women are still under-represented and under-valued in countless ways. Happy Reading! 🙂

‘We still have a problem with female authority’: how politics sets a trap for American women (The Guardian)

After My Abusive Relationship, I Couldn’t Leave The House. Travel Opened My World Up Again. HuffPost

My life got easier after top surgery. Is this what male privilege looks like? (Guardian)

A new poll shows what really interests ‘pro-lifers’: Controlling Women (Guardian). Far from truly caring about protecting women and children, denying access to full reproductive health services, along with other rights that men have, is ultimately about men (primarily) attempting to control women.

Warren jokes men who think marriage is between one man and one woman should ‘just marry one woman’. CNN – Let’s put our own action and integrity first, before we engage in discussion with others about their actions. Another one I have seen recently (I think on Facebook)… Any men who genuinely care about limiting the number of abortions in the world should get a vasectomy first. 🙂

These people have a country to run. (Macleans) – A look at an amazing and progressive government, and what leadership looks like, when barriers are removed. 🙂

Fighting the tyranny of ‘niceness’: why we need difficult women.
(Guardian) – To be clear, being nice and being strong are not at all mutually exclusive. However, sometimes, difficult decisions need to be made, or conversations need to be had, and women do not deserve to be limited only to roles where they are only passive and “not difficult” for others.

The queue for women’s toilets is a feminist issue. (Guardian) – Anybody else tired of long lines that men never have to deal with? 🙂

Running Out of Children, a South Korea School Enrolls Illiterate Grandmothers (New York Times)

And, on a lighter note, here is a great article about Robert Munch and The Bag Bag Princess (CBC). A perfect book to go back to for International Women’s Day… 🙂

Here is what I am listening to today – Here and here . (Just finished part 1) Well worth listening to. There are, unfortunately, still strong currents, in some development circles, that promote dynamics that are misguided, and really harmful. To set the record straight, Africa is not a country, it is a continent. Unless you are going on a trip to the whole continent, you are not “going on a trip to Africa”. You are going to (or were in) a specific country or countries. Listen to the podcasts for further discussion of this and other dynamics. 🙂

Coming up next: “Called, Not Qualified” (here). One of my biggest, most long-standing issue with how some projects are still run. Wanting to do a job, and being qualified to do it, are two very different things. Hopping on a plane (or driving somewhere else), doesn’t change that. If you are not trained or qualified to teach in a school or as a social worker or to run a poverty reduction program or something else, you are not doing any favours by “volunteering” to teach in someone’s school or work in an orphanage or distribute goods and services in a community – especially if you live somewhere else and simply drop in for a short time before leaving again.

Making yourself the star of someone else’s life (or using their kids in your pictures, without a long-standing relationship, especially if you are using those pictures for fundraising) takes agency away from others, which is the opposite of what true development projects aim to do. We can, and must, do better. 🙂